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【英文标准名称】:Welding-Basicweldedjointdetailsinsteel-Part1:Pressurizedcomponents;GermanversionEN1708-1:2010
【原文标准名称】:焊接.钢焊接连接点的基本细节.第1部分:受压力部件.德文版本EN1708-1-2010
【标准号】:DINEN1708-1-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2010-05
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:元部件;压缩应力;紧固件;连接;管连接件;压力装置;压力容器;增压系统;受压部件;规范(验收);钢件焊接;钢;焊接接头;焊接;焊接工程;焊缝
【英文主题词】:Components;Compressionstresses;Fasteners;Joints;Pipecouplings;Pressureequipment;Pressurevessels;Pressurizationsystems;Pressurizedcomponents;Specification(approval);Steelwelding;Steels;Weldedjoints;Welding;Weldingengineering;Welds
【摘要】:Thepurposeofthisstandardistoexemplifycommonlyacceptedweldedconnectionsinpressuresystems.Itdoesnotpromotethestandardizationofconnectionsthatmayberegardedasmandatoryorrestrictdevelopmentinanyway.Stressanalysisrulesaretobeconsideredifnecessary.Thisstandardcontainsexamplesofconnectionsweldedbyprocesses111,12,13,14or15(processnumbersaccordingtoENISO4063)insteelpressuresystems.Otherprocessesbyagreement.Theestimationofthesuitabilityofweldedconnectionsforspecialserviceconditions,forexamplecorrosion,creep,lowtempertureandfatiguearenotspeciallyconsidered.
【中国标准分类号】:J33
【国际标准分类号】:25_160_40
【页数】:73P;A4
【正文语种】:德语


Product Code:SAE AIR1168/4
Title:Ice, Rain, Fog, and Frost Protection
Issuing Committee:Ac-9c Aircraft Icing Technology Committee
Scope: The ability of aircraft to fly in adverse weather conditions is a requirement for most military and commercial aircraft. Ice buildups in critical areas can affect flight safety by adding drag and weight and thus adversely affecting stability. Supercooled water droplets may exist in clouds at ambient temperatures far below the freezing point. When the droplets are disturbed by an aircraft flying through them, the droplets will impinge and may freeze on airfoil surfaces, radomes, engine inlets, windshields, and other areas, resulting in weight and drag penalties or obstruction of vision through transparent surfaces. Some means, therefore, must be provided to prevent large ice buildups in critical areas. The inner surfaces of most cockpit transparencies are susceptible to condensation in the form of fog or frost during most normal aircraft operation, particularly when descending from high altitude flight, unless fog and frost protection systems are provided. Fog will form on the inside surface of the windshield whenever that surface is below the cockpit air dew point. If the surface temperature is below 32 degrees F, frost will form. Removal of rain from the windshields to maintain pilot visibility is accomplished by hot air jet blast or by windshield wipers. A rain repellent fluid is sometimes used in conjunction with either system for increased rain removal efficiency.
Rationale: The ability of aircraft to fly in adverse weather conditions is a requirement for most military and commercial aircraft. Ice buildups in critical areas can affect flight safety by adding drag and weight and thus adversely affecting stability. Supercooled water droplets may exist in clouds at ambient temperatures far below the freezing point. When the droplets are disturbed by an aircraft flying through them, the droplets will impinge and may freeze on airfoil surfaces, radomes, engine inlets, windshields, and other areas, resulting in weight and drag penalties or obstruction of vision through transparent surfaces. Some means, therefore, must be provided to prevent large ice buildups in critical areas. The inner surfaces of most cockpit transparencies are susceptible to condensation in the form of fog or frost during most normal aircraft operation, particularly when descending from high altitude flight, unless fog and frost protection systems are provided. Fog will form on the inside surface of the windshield whenever that surface is below the cockpit air dew point. If the surface temperature is below 32 degrees F, frost will form. Removal of rain from the windshields to maintain pilot visibility is accomplished by hot air jet blast or by windshield wipers. A rain repellent fluid is sometimes used in conjunction with either system for increased rain removal efficiency.